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The Range Statement relates to the unit of competency as a whole. It allows for different work environments and situations that may affect performance. Add any essential operating conditions that may be present with training and assessment depending on the work situation, needs of the candidate, accessibility of the item, and local industry and regional contexts. |
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Anatomical and physiological concepts include: | Anatomical position and directional terms Regional terms Body planes and sections Body cavities and membranes Abdomino-pelvic regions and quadrants |
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Levels of organisation refer to: | Chemical level: matter and energy molecules, mixtures and compounds chemical bonds chemical reactions inorganic compounds organic compounds Cellular level: structure functions transport systems organelles growth and reproduction Tissue level types, function and structure of: epithelial tissue connective tissue epithelial membranes nervous tissue muscle tissue Organ level Organ/body system level Organismal level |
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Structure and function of body systems must include but are not limited to the normal structure and function of the: | Integumentary system: the skin and its layers skin colour appendages of the skin functions of the skin processes of thermoregulation homeostatic imbalances of the skin developmental aspects of the skin Skeletal system: bone tissue, its formation and classification classification of bones, skeletal cartilages and joints structure and functions of bone bone homeostasis, growth and repair the parts of the axial and appendicular skeletons range of motion of joints Muscular system: mechanics of muscles types, function and structure of muscle tissue processes of muscle contraction Nervous system including: development of neurons nervous tissue neurophysiology neural integration central nervous system peripheral nervous system autonomic nervous system sensation and somatic senses of pain and touch special senses of taste, smell, vision, hearing, and balance Endocrine system: anatomy and physiology of organs and structures neuroendocrine regulation action of hormones hormone classification continued ... |
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Structure and function of body systems must include but are not limited to the normal structure and function of the: (contd) | Cardiovascular system:- Blood: components and characteristics groups clotting Heart: structure and function blood flow conduction system ECG complex function and output cardiac cycle, stroke volume and heart rate heart sounds Blood vessels and haemodynamics: structure and function response to blood volume, pressure and perfusion pressure cascades blood and pulse pressures circulatory routes Lymphatic system: organs, tissues, nodes and vessels lymphocytes Immune system: protective functions non-specific resistance immunologic response inflammatory response natural and artificially acquired immunity Respiratory system: structure, function and protective mechanisms gas laws diffusion of respiratory gases gas exchange (Boyle; Dalton; Charles; Henry) external and internal ventilation and respiration. principles of lung volumes: minute volume and oxygenation transportation of respiratory gases Digestive system: structure and function processes Urinary system: structure and function urine composition micturition reflex continued ... |
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Structure and function of body systems must include but are not limited to the normal structure and function of the: (contd) | Reproductive systems: structure and function (male and female) female reproductive cycle myosis development of gametes genetics |
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Homeostasis means: | Maintenance of internal environment including: body temperature body fluid composition (e.g. nutrient absorption by digestive system, nutrient distribution by cardiovascular system, absorption of oxygen and elimination of carbon dioxide by respiratory system, control of nutrient loss by urinary system) body fluid volume (e.g. absorption of water from digestive system, loss of water through skin, distribution of water by cardiovascular system) elimination of wastes from the body maintenance of blood pressure protection from infection physical activity active and passive |
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Standard methods and protocols may include: | Clinical practice guidelines Organisation protocols Skills manuals State/territory ambulance authority regulations and/or operational procedures Internationally recognised scales, charts, guidelines and surveys (e.g. Glasgow coma scale, dermatome charts, blood pressure reading scales, national asthma guidelines) |
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Cellular metabolism involves: | Cellular respiration Acid base balance Anaerobic and aerobic energy production |
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Body temperature maintenance includes: | Metabolism of nutrients Energy balance Heat exchange |
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Common pharmacological terminology includes: | Therapeutic dose Toxic dose Titration Half life Indication Contra-indication Side-effect Tolerance Idiosyncrasy and allergy Cumulative action Antagonism Synergism |
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Pharmacology includes: | Preparation, properties, uses and actions of drugs Common drug forms: creams suspensions tablets pessaries lotions capsules lozenges suppositories injectables gases vapours aerosol powders Safe storage, handling and disposal of drugs |
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Pharmacokinetics refers to: | Routes of administration, including: enteral; oral, sublingual, rectal parenteral; intravenous, intramuscular, inhalation, endotracheal, topical, pessary/douche Absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of drugs by the body |
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Pharmacodynamics refers to: | Drug interactions Pharmacological response of drugs associated with the state/territory ambulance service protocols/ guidelines Duration and magnitude of response associated with the state/territory ambulance service protocols/ guidelines |
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Rapid stabilisation and transport includes: | Golden Hour Chain of survival Time critical Priority status Transport consideration e.g. ground or aeromedical |
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Kinematics of trauma refers to: | Predicting injury patterns resulting from the forces and motions of energy Predicting injury patterns resulting from the absence of essentials such as oxygen Integrate the relationship between anatomy and the kinematics of trauma with assessment findings to develop an index of suspicion for specific injuries |
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Principles of energy exchange includes: | Physical laws of energy exchange (ie Newton's laws of motion) Cavitation Types of trauma, including: blunt (e.g. MVA/Motor bike including pedestrian injury, organ collision and restraint injuries, falls and blasts) penetrating |
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Critical questioning refers to: | Purposeful, informed questioning in the clinical setting to make sense of the information presented at the scene of injury or illness |
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Diagnostic reasoning refers to: | Using critical questioning in the clinical setting which requires careful identification of key problems, issues, and the risks involved in responding to client needs |
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Specific client conditions, disorders and injuries to be assessed and managed include: | Compromised integumentary system: Epidermal wound healing Deep wound healing including the inflammatory response Wound infection Burns trauma: Any injury caused by the interaction of energy (thermal, chemical, electrical, or radiation) with biological matter: pathophysiology of burns injuries local and systemic responses classifications of burn injury extent and severity of burns injury e.g. Rule of Nines, Lund and Browder chart Pathophysiology of burn shock Musculo-skeletal system medical disorder or trauma: Homeostatic imbalances of bone, cartilage and muscle including inherited, inflammatory and degenerative conditions Pathophysiology of musculo-skeletal injury including: soft tissue injury (i.e. closed wounds) e.g. contusion, haematoma and crush injury open wounds e.g. abrasion, laceration, puncture, avulsion, amputation, and bite causes and types of fractures dislocations, strains and sprains Crush injuries and compartment syndrome Special circumstances: Medico-legal and ethical considerations Neurological insult: brain injury including: concussion; contusion; Diffuse Axonal Injury (DAI); types of haematoma traumatic brain injury including: primary and secondary injury; cerebral perfusion; raised intracranial pressure; herniation; cerebral agitation or irritation; Cushing's triad cerebral thrombosis, cerebral embolism and cerebral haemorrhage transient ischaemic attack (TIA) continued ... |
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Specific client conditions, disorders and injuries to be assessed and managed include: (contd) | Spinal injury: knowledge of sensory and motor functions reflex arc e.g. autonomic dysreflexia cardiovascular changes Mental health and behavioural disorders: psychological theory collaborative approach to the care of clients and families with altered mental health status legal and ethical nursing issues issues related to psychosocial care Metabolic disorders: nutritional disorders body temperature homeostatic imbalances associated with metabolic rate assessment findings of endocrinologic disorders including: diabetes mellitus, thyroid and adrenal Poisoning, envenomation or overdose emergency: neurotoxins; myotoxins; haemotoxins illicit and prescribed chemical, biological and radiological Cardiovascular: cardiovascular insult dysrhythmias cardiac disease hypotension/hypertension blood diseases e.g. leukaemia; anaemia and sickle-cell Hypoperfusion: posture and venous return stages of shock. classifications of shock, including hypovolaemic, cardiogenic and distributive complications of shock Immunological conditions (infectious diseases e.g. meningococcal) hypersensitivity Respiratory disorders or thoracic trauma: pathophysiology associated with e.g. asthma, ARDS, pneumonia, emphysema, COPD Abdominal disorders or trauma: abdominal pain - somatic, visceral and referred assessment techniques: quadrants and regions external signs gastro-intestinal bleeding disorders e.g. appendicitis, gastro-enteritis, hepatitis continued ... |
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Specific client conditions, disorders and injuries to be assessed and managed include: (contd) | Urogenital disorders or trauma: acute and chronic renal failure dialysis UTI Obstetric/gynaecological disorders (e.g. ectopic pregnancy, spontaneous abortion, vaginal haemorrhage, pelvic inflammatory disease, endometriosis): pre-delivery emergencies post-delivery emergencies Genetic disorders Drugs or fluid therapies associated with body system trauma or medical disorder |
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Specific categories of clients to be assessed must include but are not limited to: | Adult client (male and female) Obstetric client: anatomic and physiologic changes associated with pregnancy stages of labour assessing neonate body temperature APGAR abnormal pregnancy and delivery impact of other clinical considerations e.g. trauma Neonatal and paediatric client: differences in paediatric and adult anatomy and physiology - paediatric airway issues communication issues disease processes pharmacodynamics of drugs impact of other clinical considerations e.g. trauma Geriatric client: normal anatomical and physiological changes associated with ageing impact of pre-existing medical problems pharmacodynamics of drugs impact of other clinical considerations e.g. trauma |
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